How Does Nutrition Affect Athletic Performance Physical Education Essay

How Does Nutrition Affect Athletic Performance Physical Education Essay Athletes are dedicated to their sport. They exercise daily, train with professionals, lift weights, engage in team practices, and compete against one another. All this commitment is made in an effort to make the human body work more efficiently. Continuous exercise and training, conditions the muscles to work better alongside the bones. For example, baseball pitchers would want to train the muscles in the arm to throw a blazing fast pitch, long distance runners would work to control the respiratory system in order to finish strong at the end of an extensive race, and football players build on agility and muscular endurance sequentially outrunning the opponent. The current generation of athletes has caused competition in sports to reach unprecedented levels. However, the burning question remains, are athletes consuming the right foods to fulfill their activities? Adequate nutrition is an integral aspect to athletic performance. Athletes that demand a higher performance in their respec tive sport and training should have a high nutritional value in relation to their activities. It is critical to maintain a balanced, healthy diet at all times in order to achieve maximum performance. A good diet with adequate nutrition such as vitamins, minerals, protein and water in terms of the proper amounts of calories support activities. Athletes acquire energy from the foods they eat. Food can be further divided into two categories: macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients supply an athlete with direct sources of energy for daily life activities and physical exercise. Macronutrients include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats  [1]  . Micronutrients aid in the processes of life, such as digestion and food metabolism. Although they are not able to provide energy, they are essential in generating energy for the human body. Some examples of micronutrients are vitamins and minerals  [2]  . Protein is a macronutrient involved in many chemical processes of life. Proteins are specialized for different organs and species. Proteins are combinations of amino acids that combine in various ways to make muscle, bones, tendons, skin and many other tissues. When proteins are broken down by the body at ingestion, amino acids are formed. There are 20 amino acids which help form human proteins, however only 9 are essential. Meaning 9 out of the 20 proteins are supplied by the food we eat, because the human body is unable to produce them through synthetic processes in the cell. Protein is one of the components in body tissues, necessary for cellular growth and repair, as well as in hormones, enzymes, the immune system, and bodily fluids  [3]  . Athletes need protein primarily to repair and rebuild muscle that is broken down during physical exertion. Working out breaks down muscle fibers and the body has to quickly rebuild those fibers for future performances. Through the process of restoration the body synthesizes proteins. The muscle fibers broken down during training will strengthen over time as adequate amounts of protein are ingested to facilitate the growth process  [4]  . Protein is the last source of energy used when other macronutrients are available. When the body lacks adequate carbohydrates, the body turns to protein as a source of fuel for physical activity. During extreme physical activity, muscle tissue becomes an energy source because there is an insufficient amount of fat and carbohydrates consumed. Therefore it is necessary to maintain an adequate protein intake everyday, to make up for the protein lost in the muscle tissue during an increase in intensity or length of training  [5]  . Research has shown an amino acid known as creatine, can help enhance athletic performance. Derived from other amino acids, glycine, arginine, and methionine, creatine is stored in the skeletal muscle as creatine phosphate. The job of creatine phosphate is to help facilitate the production of energy. With an increased store of creatine phosphate in the body, the ability to produce energy during high intensity training is improved. This is a result of muscles in the body that have the ability to store a greater amount of creatine than what athletes consume from their diet. Athletes can obtain creatine primarily from meat and fish  [6]  . Carbohydrates are the primary fuel for the exercising muscles and are essential for supporting the training and performance of an athlete. They are the major energy source for anaerobic and aerobic activity. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules and stored in our skeletal muscles and liver as glycogen. The amount of glycogen stored affects stamina and endurance. After an athlete is done training, glycogen is released from the liver into the bloodstream to restore the glucose levels in the blood, and glucose is transported to cells for energy  [7]  . If the blood glucose levels are low, athletes may feel irritable, tired, and lack concentration, interfering with their performance. Glycogen stored in the skeletal muscles provides fuel for the exercising muscles during high and low-intensity activities. There are limited carbohydrate reserves in the body and exercising causes the glycogen stores to become depleted very quickly. During exercise, if muscle cells run out of glycogen, the muscles lack energy and fatigue sets in. Performance suffers accordingly, but will vary depending on the sport and its intensity  [8]  . Therefore, daily carbohydrate consumption and training is necessary to maintain glycogen for optimal performance. In order for athletes to obtain enough energy to maximize athletic efforts, carbohydrates also aid in fat metabolism. The presence of carbohydrates is essential in utilizing fat for energy, associating with the old saying, à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"fat must burn in a carbohydrate flameà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ Ã‚  [9]  . Increased fat-burning helps to conserve carbohydrates in the muscle, therefore the stored up amount is used to support athletes in later activities  [10]  . In general, endurance athletes use up more carbohydrates than athletes that use carbohydrates for strength and power. This is because endurance athletes are participating in physical activity over a longer period of time, meaning a grea ter amount of carbohydrates is required by the body to supply it with energy over the duration. On the other hand, athletes involved in strength and power events require fewer amounts of carbohydrates to supply a sudden burst of energy for powerful, but short-lived physical activities  [11]  . Adequate intake of carbohydrates will prevent the body from extracting other macronutrients from their desired jobs to become fuel for activity. Ideal sources of carbohydrates include whole-grain cereal, pasta, brown rice, and brown bread products. As part of a healthy diet, athletes should include at least two carbohydrate-rich foods accompanying each meal, and at least one with every snack  [12]  . Prior to competitions, athletes like to load muscles with glycogen to delay fatigue that occurs during endurance events. A diet that contains highly nutritious carbohydrates, covering 55-65% of total calories, is sufficient enough to provide adequate glycogen storages that will help support the athlete over the duration of their performance  [13]  . Fat is the predominant fuel source during prolonged exercise. The body has an unlimited storage capacity for fat, making it the largest reserve of energy in the body. It is integral for many metabolic processes such as energy production, synthesis of vitamin D, cholesterol, hormones, and transporters of lipid soluble vitamins. Fat can be classified into two categories based on its structure: unsaturated and saturated fats. Unsaturated fats are obtained from plant sources. Advantages of unsaturated fats include lowering cholesterol and reducing the risk of heart disease. Saturated fats on the other hand, come from animal sources and cheese. Saturated fats are not recommended in large consumption to athletes, because an excess of this macronutrient will raise cholesterol and/or lipid levels in the blood which can lead to the development of heart-related diseases  [14]  . However, fats do hold a place in sports nutrition. Fats are less oxygen-rich, and they can release a greater amo unt of energy at a greater speed than other nutrients. This can provide an athlete with a concentrated source of energy. Fat is essential for longer and lower intensity, endurance exercise. Another role that fats play in the human body is insulation. Fats assist in insulating and protecting vital organs and parts of the body  [15]  . Athletes can obtain fat from food sources such as milk, butter, meat and oils  [16]  . Athletes need to keep in mind to carefully monitor the type and the amount of fats they eat. Vitamins are essential micronutrients athletes need to produce energy. Vitamins mostly come from the food we eat, with the exception of vitamin D. Instead of participating in the metabolic processes of nutrients, vitamins help to regulate the reactions in metabolic processes. They are responsible in facilitating energy release and synthesizing bone and tissue. Absence of a vitamin prevents certain metabolic processes from occurring in the cell, which eventually affects the metabolic balance in the body, as a whole  [17]  . Another micronutrient occurs naturally on earth. It is found in the water, soil, and the plants of Earth. This micronutrient is known as the mineral. There are seven key minerals: calcium, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium, chloride, and sulphur. Two minerals that are important for athletes are iron and calcium. Iron is a main component in the blood. It is critical for red blood cell formation, function and myoglobin composition. Iron operates in the blood as an oxygen carrier, a key role in sport performance. If iron levels are low in athletes, they can develop fatigue, poor appetite and an increase in resting pulse rate. This occurs because an insufficient supply of oxygen is distributed to parts of the body. Oxygen combines with glucose to form ATP molecules, the main source of energy for the muscles. The greater amount of ATP stored in the muscles, the more powerful they will be when it performs work. Low iron levels in the blood mean that muscles do not receive enough ox ygen to support exertion. This results in lactic acid being produced and the athlete endures pain and fatigue in the muscles. However, excess amounts of oxygen in the body help athletes to metabolize lactic acid back into useful energy molecules after exercise. This allows the muscles of athletes to recover faster and be able to carry out physical activity again without having to rest for long periods of time. Iron can be obtained from many food sources, such as cereals, red meats, and bread products  [18]  . When athletes want to develop stronger bones, they need to consume calcium in their diets. Calcium is a micronutrient from the popular dairy food group, comprised of milk, yogurt and cheese. Ninety-nine percent of the calcium in our body is stored in the skeletal system, while the remaining one percent is accumulated in the muscle cells  [19]  . When muscles are at work, calcium ions are released to trigger muscle contraction. Calcium ions are released into the sarcoplasm and then they find their way to attach onto the troponin molecules. Without the attachment of troponin molecules and calcium, the interaction of actin and myosin leading to muscle contraction will not occur. Thus, if muscle contractions are not generated, athletes are unable to perform their activity  [20]  . Low calcium levels in the body are in relation to developing low bone density. This causes the bones of the body to become more fragile and vulnerable to stress fractures, as the limiting amount of calc ium will be used for muscle contraction. Therefore in order for athletes to withstand intense physical activity, an adequate amount of calcium is essential in their meals  [21]  . Finally, athletes need to stay hydrated for optimal performance. The human body consumes energy during physical exercise and creates heat. Bodily temperature would rise drastically causing the body to overheat, if heat was not released. In conjunction with the release of heat, the bodyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s sweat glands discharge fluid to the surface of the skin, where it eventually evaporates. This overall process occurs in an effort to cool the body. However, this leaves the body dehydrated  [22]  . Water comprises 50-60 percent of the weight of human bodies  [23]  . This portion of water in the human body helps to regulate heat and maintain a constant body temperature. Water helps to transport nutrients to cells and extract waste products. Water distributes the heat generated by physical activity throughout the body and enables the body to perspire. Fluids, not just water, are lost when humans perspire, urinate, defecate, and respire. A constant replacement of fluids is necessary for the human body to continue to operate and achieve its optimal performance. Research has shown that when athletes sweat, they lose 1-2% of body weight which is linked to a decrease in blood volume. This process causes the heart to work harder to circulate the blood, resulting in muscle cramps and dizziness  [24]  . Athletes establish proper hydration by drinking the right fluids during physical activity. This means drinking fluids properly throughout the day when thirsty, and especially before an activity begins. In the course of a long competition, where fluid is being lost in sweat, sport drinks are good sources of electrolytes. The sodium levels in the drinks are ideal replacements of sodium secreted in sweat. Low sodium levels can affect concentration. In general it is not advised for athletes to drink sport drinks such as Gatorade, on a regular basis or every time they participate in physical activity. These fluids can interfere with the body absorbi ng the proper nutrients and encourages thirst in the individual  [25]  . The principle that underlies healthy eating and enhancing sports performance is maintaining a balance between food consumption and the amount of energy that is going to be used for work. Since athletes participate often in physical exercise, they will need to absorb more energy in the foods they eat. The following principle is expressed as an energy equation: Energy storage = Energy intake à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Energy output. Energy storage represents the amount of energy left in the body after the amount of energy used is reduced from the amount of energy taken in by the body. If athletes absorb insufficient amounts of energy from food sources, optimal performance will not be achieved. Muscles will weaken without nutrients and negative health effects become a concern for athletes  [26]  . Athletes spend many hours training and undergoing physical activity so the body can excel in sports performances. It is important that athletes keep their bodies nourished in order to supply fuel for athletic endeavours. Athletes need to develop a focus on maintaining proper nutrition, so the hours spent during physical activity and rest are not subjected to waste. Good nutritional habits are necessary to achieve optimal physical performance, however it does not mean that we should categorize foods as good or bad. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, athletes should consume foods from various food groups and make better food choices at the same time. Daily food choices should include macronutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, and fat, micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals, and most importantly fluids, such as water. Athletes are better equipped to meet their maximum athletic potential if the right foods are taken in the right amounts to fuel the body. Great athletic accomplish ments are determined by great nutrition.

“The structure of business management and organization”

Modern business requires modern management and this means well trained managers. Even today, most people undertake their first management position with little or no formal training.   As a result, they adopt the styles by themselves were managed.   Too often this perpetuates poor or discredited management techniques which have no place in today’s world. With few exceptions, the majority of managers find the most difficult aspect of their job is the management of people, who after all the most important resource of any organization. A form of management began when man first employed others to work for him.   In those early days, the relationship between employer and employee was   master and servant or landlord and serf.   Workers were treated as chattels and motivation was based on the simple principle â€Å" if you don’t work, you don’t eat†.   Some people seem to believe that things have changed little change. Managing modern organization, it requires a completely different set of skills, one of the common myths is that the manager, should be the best exponent of the craft skills with in the organization.   In theory, a good manager should be able to manage any department with in an organization with the minimum of adaptation.   What makes a good manager?   A good manager is one whose staff works with him rather than for him. Can anyone become a manager?   In theory, yes in practice no.   many people are unable or unwilling to adopt to the need of management.   People are usually promoted because they are good at their present job, they have been with the company for a long time, their age gives them seniority, they know the right people, and they happen to be in the right place at the right time. Rarely they are promoted because they will make good managers. As with most activities in life, you won’t know how good you are until you really try it.     Management is no different so you should learn how to do it before taking such a major career step.   Every manager has responsibilities towards him or herself, their team, the individual within the team, the company and task in hand.   This includes motivating staff to perform to the best of their abilities and to prevent demotivation, delegating task, to plan and to control the activities within their domain to ensure that objectives are meet. To take decisions and of course managing problems, not to solve them all, but to help the team reach acceptable solutions.   Effective manager, initiate and encourage ideas from the subordinates and developed the team.   Considering the resources in management group,   Ã‚  the people, acknowledging their different needs, attitudes, abilities and personalities.   These are not constant and can change from day to day, but a good and a modern   manager in a modern organization can maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses. Time – the most democratic of the resources.   Every one has 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour, etc.   It is how this time is used that determines managerial effectiveness. Space- this is expensive and many work places suffer from alack of it.   However, much can be made of the space available to improve the working condition /environment   and peoples behavior. Finance- all managers involved with budgets and expenditure to some degree.   Trainings specifically designed to deal with finance for non-financial managers are available. Equipment – including desk, telephones, photocopiers and personal computers.   You should ensure that your team have sufficient for their needs, while bearing in mind that idle equipment is a non-productive cost. Information- ensure that all information received is given the right priority and used as appropriate to help the team. Their utilization will affect the team and the individuals within the team, so managing these resources effectively is vital. After understanding manager’s role and of course before trying to manage other, it is vital to know how to manage yourself.   I f you are seen to be disorganized, easily pressured, blinkered in your views, unmotivated, and subject to swift changes of mood, you will not win the respect and credibility of your staff. â€Å"Healthy self-criticism and an abiding willingness to learn seem to me to be the most important requirements of any manager† HRH Prince Philip. Self management is not about the amount of time you spend in an activity, but about what you do during that time.   His quality that counts, not quantity.   Time is very easily wasted but impossible to regain.   Time spent on non-management activity is not necessarily unproductive time.   But could the time have been between use elsewhere?   It is very important also to learn and control emotions at work   Highly emotional people are often labeled as unstable, untrust worthy and weak.   None of these are traits associated with good management. Communicating people in modern organization is very important Good verbal communicating is a two-way process, the speaker gives the listeners the opportunity to ask questions and make comments about what has been said in order to clarify and query the statement. The objectives is to transmit a message so that it is understood by the listeners.   The art of effective listening is essential to clear communication and clear communication is necessary to management success. Understanding how people are motivated an organization is a task and action that require into a staff to undertake.   In order to be able to motivate them to do so, you must know and understand the needs of each member of the team.   Because of the parameters in which you operate, you may be unable to satisfy the surface needs as money or promotion. Therefore, you have to look for the subconscious needs that these represent and try to satisfy the person concerned by other means such as the need of recognition, we all need to be recognized by others for what we are.   Second, the need for respect, it is our bright right to be accepted and respected as an individual person or to the worker.   Third, the need for responsibility, by having a task, however small, for which they are totally responsible and accountable, this is best achieved by delegation.   Fourth, the need for reward, not necessarily in the form of money, prizes or time off.   So often, this can be satisfied by a simple but genuine word of praise. Learning to delegate is another task inside the management.   Good delegation will give many benefits to the subordinates, a valuable development, motivation, a sense of responsibility for the staff, involvement and of course improve teamwork.   This will take some of your management time to set up but once operating it, is simple to update and will provide with a very useful management tool. Most people work in modern organization, groups, whether it be an office, a laboratory, a hospital, the factory floor or a theatre, in order that they can achieve their respective objectives, therefore, they must work as a team to build and lead.   It is equally important that all work groups operate or not a group becomes a team depends on how they are lead.   Considering this, analyzing a successful team, identifying team roles, understanding leadership qualities and styles, and managing â€Å"difficult† people is part of building an effective team. Building a successful team can be a slow process and requires patience and perseverance on our part.   If things do not work the first time, don’t blame the team, try again- you will get it together eventually. â€Å" ALL FOR ONE AND ONE FOR ALL†. The most important, and be reminded that our life is full of decisions making, every day we make decisions, these decisions affect only ourselves or our families and many of them are made on experience.   All decisions contain a degree of uncertainty, otherwise there would be no decisions make.   To help overcome these uncertainties, we can apply the following steps: a.)Define the aim- clarify the reasons and objectives. b.)Collect the facts- obtain as much information as possible, relevant to the decision. c.)Examine the options- study a number of possible options, don’t rely sole on past experience. d.)Consider the outcome- look at the risk factor of each option and the consequences of a wrong decisions. e.)Select the best option- decide upon the option with the lowest risk factor which will still meet the aim. f.)Do it- once a decision has been reached, put it into action, don’t procrastinate. g.)Evaluate the decision- to proved to be right or wrong. Managers continually face assessing management problems in two distinctive categories; those related to work itself and those related to people.   Whilst the objective in both cases is to solve the problem, they are tackled in quite different ways.   When confronted with a problem, the first question to ask yourself is â€Å"Is this my problem? If not, then should you really be trying to solve it?   However, should the problem be yours and you are the best person to find a solution, make sure that you understand exactly what the problem is.   Much time and effort is spent in business trying to solve the wrong problem. Addressing work problems is also important, these can be short, medium or long term.   Some are simple, others more complex.   Many work-related problems can be solved by you alone, while others are better served by involving different people.   Whatever the problem, it is good practice to have a clearly defined method of handling it.   Taking a systematic approach, a series of steps that need to be taken and questions that require answers before attempting to find a solution.   This will be follow; analyze, plan, execute and   evaluate.   Time is democratic, we all have the same amount.   It is what we do with it that really counts. Time ticks by relentlessly.   It is very easy to waste but impossible to regain.   The only way in which we can save time by doing something more quickly or by not doing it at all.   There is ‘working’   time and ‘social’ time.   If we add to one we automatically take from the other.   The art is to maintain a sound balance between the two.   As a manager, you need to manage your time carefully, so that we can maximize its use and do not encroach upon your ‘social’ time. Before trying to manage your time effectively, we need to analyze how you spend it at present. So, time organizing to be applied.   List those activities that you do during the course of a normal week.   For example, paperwork, telephoning, attending meetings, dealing with people, traveling and so on.   Estimate the number of hours you spend on each activity.   Time allocation, to ensure that you deal with all of your tasks on time, it is essential to plan how you will use your time effectively. Your last job each day should be to list everything that you have to do the next day.   To innovate is to â€Å" make changes†, to introduce ‘new things’.   However, many people find it very hard to come up with new ideas, particularly to order, this is managing innovation.   Generating new ideas often occur when we are doing something quite unconnected with the problem, such as driving the car, walking the dog or watching television. However, part of the management time should be devoted to innovation, to help generating new ideas, explore all approaches without evaluation, switch from problem to problem, allowing mind to wander over alternative and apparently irrelevant ways of looking at the situation and write down ideas and thoughts.   Managing different types of interviews, an interview is a meeting of people, tow or more, face to face, to accomplish a certain known purpose’.   In reality, an interview should be confined to two persons. Good interviewing prepare by obtaining as much information as possible before the interview, ensure privacy, emphasize confidentiality, ask appropriate questions, listen carefully, observe the interviewee’s body language, use counseling techniques to discover the core problem and encourage the interviewees to reach their own solution. People have first to decide that they want to change, then they must be encouraged not to be afraid of change and finally they must be able to see where change is leading them.   Understanding and managing change, changes to an organization are caused by both internal and external factors.   Many of these changes are unpredictable and, whatever, the causes or circumstances, invariably involve people. The way in which people react to change will depend on how the change is presented to them and how they perceive it will affect them.   The causes of change can be divided into two types, those over which as a manager have no influence and those over which you do.   In the first group are changes which will affect the whole company, such as relocation or a change in company policy.   These are often due to external factors such as the economy, environment or the law.   Changes which you can influence are normally those which will mainly affect only your and your staff. Managing stress at work, one of the main reasons why people are stressed at work is their boss and the way they are managed.   There is one way for an executive to manage stress.   He must stop taking for granted success at home, and begin giving as much priority in terms of time and energy to achieving success there as he does to his job.   Understanding the causes of stress, the most common causes of stress have their origins outside the workplace. A few years ago a list of activities which can cause stress was complied by psychologists.   It is based on a scale of 0-100.   The higher the value, the greater the stress.   Both positive and negative events can cause stress.   It is interesting to note that of 34 activities listed over, only seven are directly work related and the highest two of those will have a direct effect on your domestic life.   Although management as a profession only has a stress rating of 5.8, some managers seem to spend their time trying to push it as far up the scale as possible. People who experience domestic pressures often immerse themselves in their work in an attempt to forget these problems.   However, the problems are still there when they return home, so they will work longer hours in order to delay having to go home.   These increased absences result in still more stress on the domestic front.   It is a vicious circle.   Other stressful factors are; too much work, giving few opportunities to plan or priorities.   To mo little work, boredom and a sense of being under-valued and ignored. Isolation, most people need human contact and those who work alone can be stressed by a lack of communication.   Routine work, not being stretched or challenged.   Poor supervision, unable to become involved or use creative abilities.   No clear promotional structure, frustration.   Environment,   working in cramped conditions, seating arrangements, open plan office, too much noise.   Managing in a changing work place is also included in managing the modern organization. With this, abilities and skills of being a manager, managing in a modern organization, it has become fashionable for companies to adopt a flatter organizational structure.   This is achieved by ripping out the middle management stratum and replacing it with working manager’s at supervisory level.   These people are expected to continue with their specialist role, be it operating a lathe, selling products or repairing computers, and at the same time manage a team.   Although this means that people are promoted who may not have expected to be, it also result in a wider gap between the workforce and senior management. Whilst it is acknowledged that a proportion of those managers who have lost their jobs may have been poor managers, did they receive adequate, or indeed any, management training?   It is to be hoped that senior executives will quickly realize the benefits to their companies of having good, well qualified managers and reverse this trend before causing further damage to the morale of the employees. References : Managing Trough People, by John Humphries, Published by Grolier Business Library International, Inc. printed in 2003. Business Organization and Management edited by H. Guitierrez, Jose M. Pura Jr., Rolando M. Garcia sixth edition, R.M Garcia Publishing House, Quezon City Philippines.

Example of Term Paper Outline

Example for Outlining a Research/Term Paper Before you start writing get your ideas down in a logical sequence that you can then use to expand while actually writing the paper. This is only meant to be an example and a guide; pay attention to your teacher’s instructions for the assignment and format instructions for their class. Know what style format your instructor wants you to use – APA or MLA. Thesis statement: Example: The cost of medical care in the United States is causing the poor to receive substandard care. Key points: Examples of possible key points for the above thesis statement: 1.Paying for medical care is beyond the reach of the poor. 2. Paying for medical insurance is beyond the reach of the poor if not offered by their employers. 3. The poor are forced to use over-extended and under-staffed medical facilities if they cannot afford care. 4. Are we ethically responsible for caring for the poor? 5. What would possible alternatives be to supplying medical c are for the poor? You can use the thesis statement and key points to create an introductory paragraph; then you will expand in the rest of the paper on the thesis and key points. Examples of expanding on key points: Key point 1.Paying for medical care is beyond the reach of the poor. < Expand your ideas for this topic – this could be one or more paragraphs. > Demonstrate why and how medical care is beyond the poor. Average cost of medical care as opposed to average salaries. The poor have to use clinics and other free care. Key point 2. Paying for medical insurance is beyond the reach of the poor if not offered by their employers. Can the average worker afford health care costs even if they have them. Average costs of health care plans. If an employer does not supply health care benefits how can employees get it. Key point 3.The poor are forced to use over-extended and under-staffed medical facilities if they cannot afford care. What kind of facilities are available to people who can’t afford health care. What are limitations for using those facilities (income, etc. ). Are these facilities adequately staffed and funded. Pros and cons for these facilities – i. e. better than no health care at all, don’t see the same doctor, etc. Key point 4. Are we ethically responsible for caring for the poor? Does a society have an ethical responsibility to take care of its poor? Moral & ethical foundations – religious, ethical, philosophical.Economic / political reasons for providing or not providing health care. Key point 5. What would possible alternatives be to supplying medical care for the poor? What models exist in other countries? Do they seem to work? What alternative models are available in this country? i. e. Faith based, private foundations like The Shriners, etc. What factors / institutions would fight against change in health care? i. e. Pharmaceutical companies, insurance companies, non-flexible thinking, etc. Summary / Conclu sion: Create a key summary sentence/paragraph that declares a wrap-up of concepts you have covered in the paper.You may want to quickly summarize your main ideas. This should transition into a Conclusion of your ideas on the topic. The conclusion could be a separate paragraph or this section could be more than one paragraph. Reference / Works Cited: List of the sources you used in writing the paper. Follow your teacher’s instructions for number required and format. Glossary: Thesis statement – a brief sentence presenting the main point of a persuasive writing, usually in the introductory paragraph. Key points – those ideas that you will use to support your thesis and expand on in the text of the paper.Summary – a brief statement that presents or recaps the main points in a concise form. Conclusion – bring to a close in a logical, reasoned way the ideas that you have supported in your paper. References / Works Cited: Citation – a short note r ecognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage. Works cited – a page at the end of a research composition that lists all the resources that you used. Parenthetical citation – a citation style in which in-text citations must be enclosed within parentheses and embedded in the paragraph, as opposed to the footnote style.Footnote – A brief note at the bottom of a page, or on a separate page at the end of a paper (then usually called an Endnote), explaining or expanding upon a point in the text or indicating the source of a quotation or idea. Research / Term Paper Outline Worksheet Thesis statement: Where will I find information on this topic? Print – Internet – Journals – Interviews – etc. Has the instructor specified where you are to look for information? What resources you are not to use? How many sources you are to use? Key Points – list the key points to investigate based on your thesis statement: 1. . 3. 4. 5. On se parate sheets of paper expand on each of your key points – jotting down additional ideas or beginning to actually write. Summary / Conclusion: On a separate sheet of paper summarize and come to a conclusion on your topic. This is where you are bringing it home and wrapping up the paper. Works cited: List the resources that you have used. Remember to use the style your instructor specified – APA or MLA. Use this outline to begin writing your paper. When you have completed a draft – read, edit and rewrite.

Cipd Essay - 762 Words

4DEP F301A (LD) CIPD Assessment Activity Template Title of unit/s Developing Yourself as an Effective Learning Development Practitioner Unit No/s 4DEP (LD) Level Foundation Credit value 4 Assessment method Written, Discussion Learning outcomes: 1. Understand the knowledge, skills and behaviours required to be an effective LD practitioner. 2. Know how to deliver timely and effective LD services to meet users’ needs. 3. Be able to reflect on own practice and development needs and maintain a plan for personal development. All activities should be completed Activity 1 (Note: The CIPD Human Resources Profession Map (HRPM) can be accessed at:†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Using a template, such as www.cipd.co.uk/cpd/guidance/cpdrecordandplan, devise a plan to meet your development needs, including those identified above, and the achievement of your CIPD qualification. The plan should be for a minimum of 6 months. †¢ Discuss your plan with (or provide a written note to) your tutor explaining why you believe CPD to be important and explaining at least 2 of the options you considered for meeting your development needs. Activity 4 †¢ During the period of your studies, reflect on your performance against the plan, including learning gained from each unit of your qualification, and add reflective comments to the plan. As you progress, identify any further development needs and revise your plan accordingly. Assessment Criteria 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.5 Evidence to be produced Activities 1 2 Report of approximately 1500 words Activity 3 A Development Plan/Record Tutor’s written confirmation that the Development Plan has been discussed (OR a written explanatory note from the learner). Activity 4 Written records of on-going reflection and, where appropriate, revision of the plan to include further development needs and solutions. (NB: Activity 4 will therefore not be complete until the end of the programme.) 4 DEP Assessment Guidance – Revised May 2012 AC 1.1 The explanation should refer to the HRPM, and include a summary of theShow MoreRelatedCipd1629 Words   |  7 PagesActivity 1 (part 1 of 2)†¨(Note: The CIPD Human Resources Profession Map (HRPM) can be accessed at: www.cipd.co.uk/cipd-hr-profession/hr-profession-map/explore-map.aspx )†¨Write a report in which you: ï‚ · Briefly summarise the HRPM (i.e. the 2 core professional areas, the remaining professional areas, the bands and the behaviours) The (Human Resources Profession Map (HRMP) is designed to show what best practice might look like within all areas, and across all levels of Human Resources (HR) and LearningRead MoreCIPD 4DEP1302 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Introduction This report is a brief summary of the CIPD Profession Map, the two core professional areas, the specialist areas, the bands and the behaviours. It will be going into more detail in the activities and knowledge specified within the professional area of Performance and Rewards at band 1 level. It will identify the activities and knowledge most essential to my own HR role. The CIPD Profession Map (CIPD, 2013) The professional map is a universal platform for HR professionals, which describesRead MoreCipd5571 Words   |  23 PagesOptional Unit - 3MER = 6 credits - 2000 words On final submission please enter your total word count (excluding bibliography): [pic] Learning Outcome 1: Understand the impact of employment law at the start of the employment relationship. |Assessment Criteria | |Describe the internal and external factors that impact on the employment relationship. Read MoreCipd3300 Words   |  14 Pages | Save this document as Full name, Unit, Cohort, Assessment For example AngelaSample_3PRM_Jan15_Assessment It will be returned as AngelaSample_3PRM_Jan15_Assessment_Feedback CIPD Assessment Activity |Title of unit/s |Supporting Good Practice in Performance and Reward Management | |Unit No/s |3PRM Read MoreCIPD 4DEP1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Resources Profession Map (HRPM) was created to explain how HR adds value; it was designed by a collaboration of both specialist and generalists working in the UK and globally across private and public sectors. The HRPM was developed by the CIPD. The design of the HRPM is to be relevant and applicable to HR professionals operating anywhere in the world, all sectors and in organisations of any shape or size. It captures what skills are required for effective and successful HR. There are 4Read MoreCIPD 4DEP3320 Words   |  14 PagesActivity 1 The HR Profession Map shows in few steps how professionals could become a value within the organisation in which they work. It has been created by the CIPD for anyone who wants to upgrade and develop own career or for any other who wants to start working in the HR field. It describes what people need to do and to know and how they need to do it. For this reason the map covers all the professional areas within the HR field, giving the knowledge to become an effective and successful HRRead MoreCipd Mc1869 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstanding what the organisation would look like if it was really humming, really succeeding. Translating that back into culture, working practices, learning, motivation, reward, selection – those are the strategic choices†¦to make† - Geoff Armstrong, CIPD. Aside from this, what other skills and qualities do you think are necessary for HR professionals today? | Right | Having an understanding of the purpose and role that HR plays within a successful organisation | Question 2 | How do the skills listedRead More3prm Cipd1561 Words   |  7 Pagesoganisation’s goals. This would drive their focus towards performing the right task in the right way, which in turn works towards achieving the business objectives as their tasks are focused towards the organisation’s goals. Purpose 1. References: . (CIPD http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-topics/performance-management.aspx).Read MoreCipd Assessment1105 Words   |  5 Pagesacross government – and indeed the wider professional scene – for instance through participation in the development of the PSG HR standards, Consortium project on strategic HR, and through contacts with industry and professional/research bodies such as CIPD. 2 3 Q2 Please summarise the value you’ve added to your organisation/clients/customers over the last 12 months through your professional development? Deeper insight into and understanding of potential contribution that HR can make to theRead MoreCipd 4dep Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagescovers outputs from the HR Profession Map for the role of the Training amp; Development Advisor at Next Distribution. The CIPD have developed the HR Map and this is split into 10 professional areas, 8 behaviours and 4 bands. Having reviewed the map I believe my role within Next distribution sits predominantly at band 2 with some areas of the map being at band 1 and 3. The CIPD state of the 10 professional areas of the HR map, the 2 below are considered as key areas as they extend across the other